Temanggung tobacco recognized for its aromatic character and high-nicotine content is known as a main component of cigarette. Currently, it only fulfills 30% of market request. A major issue is low productivity caused by land fertility degradation and pathogens attack especially the infection of soil-borne pathogens such as Phytophthora nicotianae. This research aimed to determine the incidence level and distribution of black shank disease across tobacco plantation in Temanggung. A survey was conducted on 53 locations determined by a land system. The incidence of black shank was recorded for each location as well as soil samples were also taken to identify soil nutrient contents. The results revealed that black shank was found at almost all of 53 locations with various incidence levels. In dry land, none of black shank was found. In contrast, in paddy land black shank incidence reached up to 44%. It indicated that environmental condition influenced development of black shank. C organic has negative correlation with black shank incidence. High black shank incidence took place in low C organic areas. C organic has an important effect on the improvement of physical and chemical structure of soil characters as well as the equilibrium of soil microbes.