Rainfed lowland rice is the second largest rice growing areas in Indonesia. One of the most vulnerable agro-ecosystems to the climate change is the rainfed lowland because of the erratic, unpredictable rainfall and most of them have very limited access on water resources. The aim of this study was to observe the integrated crop-livestock management system (ICLS) in rainfed areas to support small scale farmers to improve their livelihood by maximizing all resources for environmental sustainability and better production. The study was conducted at the farmer’s field in Jaken, Pati, Central Java, Indonesia during wet season. The result showed that ICLS in rainfed lowland areas could (1) reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from paddy rice by implementing integrated crop (paddy rice) management technique (ICM), (2) avoided CH₄ release from manure of livestock using anaerobic digester to the atmosphere and used the CH₄ production for energy purpose, (3) improved the soil fertility by giving additional composted farmyard manure to the soil, and (4) enhanced the economic benefit for farmers. ICLS approach is one of the options where adaptation and mitigation technology could be conducted in a synergistic way.